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| Metrics | Range | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|
| Selected LTM Pb Multiple | 4.8x - 5.3x | 5.0x |
| Historical Pb Multiple | 0.8x - 102.6x | 13.5x |
| Fair Value | $1.08 - $1.20 | $1.14 |
| Upside | 1.3% - 11.9% | 6.6% |
| Benchmarks | - | Full Ticker |
| International Business Machines Corporation | - | NYSE:IBM |
| Castellum, Inc. | - | NYSEAM:CTM |
| Kyndryl Holdings, Inc. | - | NYSE:KD |
| Gartner, Inc. | - | NYSE:IT |
| Grid Dynamics Holdings, Inc. | - | NasdaqCM:GDYN |
| CISO Global Inc. | - | NasdaqCM:CISO |
| Select Price / Book Ratio | ||||||||
| Benchmark Companies | ||||||||
| IBM | CTM | KD | IT | GDYN | CISO | |||
| NYSE:IBM | NYSEAM:CTM | NYSE:KD | NYSE:IT | NasdaqCM:GDYN | NasdaqCM:CISO | |||
| Historical Net Income Growth | ||||||||
| 5Y CAGR | -3.4% | NM- | NM- | 40.0% | -17.3% | NM- | ||
| 3Y CAGR | 8.5% | NM- | NM- | 16.5% | NM- | NM- | ||
| Latest Twelve Months | -30.3% | 67.8% | 258.0% | 52.7% | 1531.4% | 29.5% | ||
| Historical Net Income Profit Margin | ||||||||
| 5 Year Average Margin | 9.1% | -29.9% | -6.0% | 14.6% | -4.0% | -121.8% | ||
| Prior Fiscal Year | 12.1% | -39.6% | -2.1% | 14.9% | -0.6% | -191.5% | ||
| Latest Fiscal Year | 9.6% | -22.6% | 1.7% | 20.0% | 1.2% | -64.7% | ||
| Latest Twelve Months | 9.1% | -11.8% | 2.0% | 19.7% | 4.4% | -61.6% | ||
| Return on Equity | ||||||||
| 5 Year Average Margin | 22.1% | -76.1% | -38.9% | 172.0% | -4.3% | -135.0% | ||
| Prior Fiscal Year | 33.8% | -117.6% | -28.6% | 194.3% | -0.5% | -140.4% | ||
| Latest Twelve Months | 22.7% | -25.7% | 26.6% | 116.1% | 3.7% | -269.4% | ||
| Next Fiscal Year | 36.3% | 2.8% | 38.8% | 61.2% | 6.4% | #NUM! | ||
| Two Fiscal Years Forward | 34.4% | 6.4% | 44.8% | 52.0% | 7.5% | 226.1% | ||
| Current Trading Multiples | ||||||||
| Price / LTM Sales | 4.3x | 2.2x | 0.5x | 2.9x | 1.7x | 1.2x | ||
| Price / LTM EPS | 46.7x | -18.3x | 23.3x | 14.7x | 39.8x | -2.0x | ||
| Price / Book | 10.0x | 3.2x | 5.6x | 12.1x | 1.3x | 4.7x | ||
| Price / Fwd Book | 8.9x | 5.0x | 4.7x | 11.0x | 1.3x | 31.1x | ||
| Low | Mid | High | ||||||
| Benchmark P/B Ratio | 1.3x | 5.6x | 12.1x | |||||
| Historical P/B Ratio | 0.8x | 13.5x | 102.6x | |||||
| Selected P/B Multiple | 4.8x | 5.0x | 5.3x | |||||
| (x) Book Value | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||||
| Equity Value | |||||||
| Benchmark Companies | |||||||
| (in millions) | IBM | CTM | KD | IT | GDYN | CISO | |
| Value of Common Equity | 273,746 | 103 | 6,909 | 18,576 | 677 | 36 | |
| (/) Shares Outstanding | 931.5 | 94.5 | 231.1 | 75.7 | 84.7 | 33.4 | |
| Implied Stock Price | 293.87 | 1.09 | 29.89 | 245.27 | 7.99 | 1.07 | |
| FX Conversion Rate to Trading Currency | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Implied Stock Price (Trading Cur) | 293.87 | 1.09 | 29.89 | 245.27 | 7.99 | 1.07 | |
| Trading Currency | USD | USD | USD | USD | USD | USD | |
| FX Rate to Reporting Currency | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |